a visual art form that applies pigment, color, and other mediums to a solid surface (like canvas, paper, or walls) using tools such as brushes, knives, or sponges.

a three-dimensional visual art form that involves creating, shaping, or assembling materials—traditionally stone, metal, clay, or wood, and now including plastics and found objects—to create form and volume.

Pottery is the ancient, enduring craft of shaping clay and other ceramic materials, which are then fired at high temperatures—typically  —to create durable, often waterproof, functional vessels or decorative art. 

Modern art, spanning roughly the 1860s to the 1970s, represents a radical shift away from traditional, realistic, and academic art toward experimentation, abstraction, and personal expression.